Roofing amd paving material



ETAT S Farmer @rrrcu,

CYRUS M. WARREN, OF BROQKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS.

\ ROOFENG'AND E AJENG MATEREAL.

SEPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 228,960, dated June 15, 1880.

Application filed July 7, 1879.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CYRUS M. WARREN, of Brookline, in the county of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new as. an ingredient in the manufacture of roofing and paving cements, which compound residuum and its uses, are described in'the specification forming part of my application for Letters Patent filed November 3, 1878, and in subsequent amendments thereof; and, second, to so modify the process described in said amended specification as to lessen the cost and increase the production of anthracene, this being intended as an improvement of that invention.

The invention consists, first, in a roofing and paving material formed as a residual product in the distillation of a mixture of coal-tar or other equivalent material (such as coaltar pitch, pine'tar, or pine-pitch) and petroleum residuum or other equivalent solvent and non-volatile material, such as are produced at a suitably high temperature,either as a residuum or distilled product at or near the .end of the distillation of natural bitumens, bituminous coals, bituminous shales, bituminous schists, or other substances yielding hydrocarbon oils by distillation, or at or near the end of the-redistillation of such oils or the residuums of the same at a high temperature, the distillation in these cases being carried to and interrupted at a point thatwill determine the solventcharacter either of the distillate .orresidumn, or 'both,..(with reference to their action upon coal-tar residuum,) to be that or similar tothe ordinarycommercial petroleum residuum, being atemperature tain important differences between petroleum residuum and wax-tailings as indicated by their behavior with coal-tar and coal-tar residuums at different temperatures, which will serve to show that, notwithstanding the fact of their being very nearly the equivalents of each other in their non-volatile properties and as solvents for natural asphultum (thesebeing properties of importance to consider in determining their relative fitness for the plug poses'in question) they are, nevertheless, not equivalents as solvents of'coal-tar residunms, but dider so widely in this respect that the petroleum residuum is worthless by itself as a softening material for these residuu'ms.

Coal-tar or any fusible coal-tar residuum may be dissolved with wax-tailings at a suitably high temperature in numerous proportions, forming a homogeneous mixture that will remain permanent on cooling. But mixtures of coal-tar or coal-tar residuum and petroleum residuum, on the contrar though apparently homogeneous While hot, immediately decompose, for the most part at least, oncooling,precipitating or separating a hard granula-r or lumpy material, which seems to indicate that the tar-oils are more or less extractedand held by the petroleum residuum. Nevertheless I have foundraud this is an important part of my invention-that under cer- .tain conditions or in certain proportions the petroleum residuum will remain after cooling permanently united with hard coal-tar residuum, although not in sufficientquantity to make a soft cement, but yet a serviceable macompound as an ingredient of such fourth of its bulk of the former, but variable with different samples and according to they consistency of the residue, and does not so objectionably increase the product 'of pitch when distilled in combination with coal-tar or coal-tar pitch. \Vax-tailings, on the contrary, when distilled by itself, is converted into pitch to the extent of about fifty-five to sixty per cent. of its weight, and apparently to a considerable extent also when distilled in combination with coal-tar or coal-tar pitch. It requires, therefore, much more of the waxtailings than of the petroleum residuum, at considerable additional cost, to accomplish an equivalent resultin separating the anthraeene The residual pitch from the distillation of wax-tailings by itself, above referred to, may i be employed directly for roofing, paving, and other purposes, as other kinds of pitch are now employed, and may be prepared by simple distillation in the usual manner of making pitch from coal-tar, and of any required consistency, from that of thick air to that of resin, which latter, being very brilliant and soluble in turpentine spirits or naphtha, may become a valuable substitute for thefiner qualities of natural asphaltum in the manufacture of varnish and japan.

In carrying out my invention I prefer to operate on a mixture composed of thirty barrels 0t coal-tar (or an equivalent quantity of coal-tar pitch) and eight barrels of the ordinary commercial petroleum residuum, and distill otf, first, about two barrels of light oil and water, and then about six and one-half barrels of dead-oil, and, finally, about ten barrels of what is called anthracene oil, which comes over somewhat mixed with paraftiueoils and decomposition products, probably of the petroleum residuum. After partial cooling of the compound residuum in the still,

provided with means of agitation, it may be mixed with a suitable quantity of wax-tailings or other equivalent material, agitated and tempered to the well-known consistency of roofing or of paving cement, whichever may be required; or the mixing may be done in a separate vessel, provided also with appliances for agitation, into which the residuum may be drawn for the purpose; or the residuum may be run out into an open vat or tubs, to be cooled and kept in stock in its then brittle condition, to be reinelted as may he required, for any purpose.

To the whole quautityofcompound residuum thus produced from thirty barrels oltar (or from an equivalent quantity of coal-tar pitch) and eight barrels of the petroleum residuum I prefer to add about nine to ten barrels ol' Yliquid wax-tailings to make a roofing-cement, or eleven to twelve .barrels of the same to make a paving-cement, of about the ordinary consistency, respectively.

To compound either a roo cement of the cements above described and those of corresponding consistency made of natural asphaltum and either petroleum residuum or wax-tailings, I prefer to mix by melting together (with agitation) one part of one of the former with three parts of one of the latter, of the same consistency, which will produce a roofing or a paving cement, as the case may be, that will also compare favorably, in point of toughness and elasticity at comparatively low temperatures, with the best cements made entirely of natural asphaltum and petroleum residuum or waX-tailings, and yet at considerable reduction of cost.

Instead of preparing this last compound by mixing the two kinds of cement, it may be compounded directly from the dili'erent ingredients of which these are composed, employing each ingredient in the same proportion that it exists in the new compound, as described, mixing and fusing the ingredients together at a suitably high temperature, with thorough agitation and careful tempering to the desired consistency.

I do not limit myself to the proportions above stated, since these may be varied to advantage without departure from the scope of my invention, either to adapt them to the more or less variable consistency of coal-tar and coal-tar pitch, or other material, from different manufacturers, or for other purposes.

A portion of still-wax or hard wax- ,cokings may be employed in compounding either of the above-described cements; or an admixture of either of these substances, or of liquid wax-tailings, may be employed in the or other equivalent material, and petroleum residuum, or other equivalent material, varying the proportions of the other ingredients accordingly, which any one skilled in the art of manufacturing cements of this class would readily understand; but I prefer notvto use them or either of them.

' I claim as my invention- 1. The process of producing a compound or residuum by the distillation of a mixture of coal-tar, or other equivalent material, and perial, substantially as set forth.

2. As a new manufacture, the compound of bituminous residuum obtained by subjecting a mixture of coal-tar, or other equivalent distillation either of coal-tar or coal-tar pitch,

troleum residuum, or other equivalent mate fing or a paving material, and petroleum residuum, or other equivalent material, to a process of distillation, substantially as specified, or by any other method which will produce a like result.

5 -3. A roofing or paving material composed of a residuum of the distillation of a mixture of coal-tar, or other equivalent material, and petroleum residuum, or other equivalent material', combined with waX-tailings, or other equivalent material, either with or without an 10 admixture of still-wax or hard wax-cokings,

substantially as set forth.

CYRUS M. WARREN.

Witnesses:

ALLEN LINooLN, THos. S. HIND. 

